Operations & Supply Chain / Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Software

Oracle Fusion Cloud ERP Review, Pricing, Pros & Cons

Oracle Fusion Cloud ERP is Oracle’s cloud enterprise resource planning suite for finance, procurement, projects, risk, and connected core business operations.

Research by Global Tool Radar Research SystemEvidence checked: Oct 6, 2026AI-assisted · No Global Tool Radar hands-on testView research methodology

Buying snapshot

Quick buying snapshot

A compact view of who this tool fits, what it costs, and what to confirm before choosing it.

Best for
  • A large organization needs a SaaS ERP centered on finance and project operations: Oracle's current core ERP service combines Financials and multiple project-financial/project-management modules on a single Fusion cloud service.
  • Procurement and spend teams need integrated source-to-pay and purchase-order workflows: Oracle Fusion Cloud Procurement is part of the Oracle ERP application family and supports sourcing, contracts, purchasing, supplier management and procure-to-pay execution.
More buying conditions
  • SOX, ICFR, access governance and continuous controls monitoring are material requirements: Oracle Fusion Risk Management and Compliance provides ICFR, separation-of-duties, compliance testing and SOX-oriented controls, with a separately priced ERP-pillar service.
  • The organization needs both full ERP users and a large self-service user population: Oracle publishes distinct Hosted Named User services for full ERP and ERP Self Service, with different scopes and minimum quantities.
Not for
  • The exact Oracle Fusion Cloud ERP product must be installed and operated as a customer-hosted on-premises ERP server: Oracle positions Fusion Cloud ERP as SaaS and its migration guidance describes the target as an integrated SaaS-native platform rather than an on-premises deployment.
  • Manufacturing execution, inventory, S&OP, warehouse management, and logistics must be included inside the core B91079 ERP service without separate SCM services: Oracle separates those operational capabilities into Oracle Fusion Cloud Supply Chain and Manufacturing, while the B91079 service description enumerates finance/project modules rather than SCM execution modules.
Pricing
  • Oracle publishes United States dollar monthly subscription list prices for current Fusion Cloud ERP services. The core ERP service and the narrower ERP Self Service service are priced per Hosted Named User with explicit minimum quantities. The same global price list states a standard subscription-services term length of three years. Procurement, Risk Management, Financial Reporting Compliance, analytics, document recognition, and other ERP-pillar capabilities have separate commercial line items.
  • Oracle Fusion Enterprise Resource Planning Cloud Service · $625.0 USD · per Hosted Named User · per month · Core ERP Hosted Named User · minimum 10 Hosted Named User · Oracle Fusion Enterprise Resource Planning Cloud Service – Hosted Named User (B91079)
Free or trial access
  • The reviewed current Oracle Fusion Cloud ERP pages provide request-a-demo and product-tour routes. They do not state a time-limited free trial for the exact ERP product.

Product scope

Product functionality and purchase scope

Oracle Fusion Cloud ERP is Oracle's SaaS enterprise resource planning suite centered on finance, project management, procurement, risk/compliance, analytics, and related enterprise business processes. The current core ERP service B91079 includes financials and project-management modules, while Oracle Procurement and Risk Management are separately priced ERP-pillar services.

Product checked: Oct 2, 2026

Functionality reviewed
  • Oracle Fusion Enterprise Resource Planning Cloud Service – Hosted Named User (B91079)
  • Oracle Fusion Enterprise Resource Planning for Self Service Cloud Service – Hosted Named User (B91080)
  • Financials, revenue, collections, grants, project billing, project financials, project management, joint venture management, lease accounting, and transactional BI included in B91079
  • Oracle Fusion Cloud Procurement as an ERP-family application with separate ERP-pillar pricing
  • Oracle Fusion Cloud Risk Management and Compliance as a separately priced ERP-pillar risk/compliance application
Non-target functionality excluded from scoring
  • Oracle Fusion Cloud Supply Chain and Manufacturing capabilities such as manufacturing execution, inventory, S&OP, warehouse management, and logistics when purchased as separate SCM services
  • Oracle Fusion Cloud HCM and CX as separate Fusion application families
  • Oracle Enterprise Performance Management when purchased as a separate EPM service rather than the B91079 core ERP service
  • Product tours and demos as evaluation routes rather than pricing plans

Pricing plans

Oracle Fusion Cloud ERP pricing table

Pricing checked: Oct 2, 2026

Official factConfidence 100%2 linked sources

Core ERP B91079 is USD 625 per Hosted Named User per month with a minimum of 10; ERP Self Service B91080 is USD 20 per Hosted Named User per month with a minimum of 100. Oracle's September 10, 2026 global price list also separately lists Risk Management at USD 180 per Hosted Named User per month with minimum 10, Financial Reporting Compliance at USD 175 with minimum 10, Procurement at USD 625 with minimum 10, and Procurement Self Service at USD 8 with minimum 100. The price list states a standard Oracle Cloud Service subscription term length of three years. It does not, in the captured evidence, state the invoice schedule or explicitly call that standard term a minimum commitment.

Official pricing page
Pricing cautions
  • Published list price has explicit minimum-user quantities: The full B91079 ERP service has a minimum of 10 Hosted Named Users, while B91080 ERP Self Service has a minimum of 100 Hosted Named Users.
  • Oracle publishes a three-year standard term but the captured evidence does not call it a minimum commitment: The price list states a standard term length of three years; buyers should confirm the exact contractual commitment, renewal and cancellation terms in the order document.
  • Procurement, Risk Management and Financial Reporting Compliance have separate commercial line items: These ERP-family capabilities are not part of the B91079 core-service inclusion list and appear as separately priced services in the Oracle Fusion Cloud global price list.
  • Additional environments can add cost: The core service includes one production and one stage environment; Oracle states that additional environments may be purchased subject to additional fees.
  • No exact-product free-trial term was stated on the reviewed current routes: Oracle provides request-a-demo and product-tour routes on the reviewed ERP pages, so buyers should not assume a no-cost production trial from those pages.
PlanPriceKey differencesBest for
Oracle Fusion Enterprise Resource Planning Cloud ServiceOracle Fusion Enterprise Resource Planning Cloud Service – Hosted Named User (B91079)Supporting pricing evidence
  • $625.0 USD · per Hosted Named User · per month · Core ERP Hosted Named User · minimum 10 Hosted Named User · Oracle Fusion Enterprise Resource Planning Cloud Service – Hosted Named User (B91079)
  • Published standard subscription term length: 3 years; Oracle Cloud Service subscription services.
  • Financials and project-management module set: Financials, financial reports, collections, revenue, grants, project billing, project financials, project management, joint ventures, lease accounting and transactional BI; B91079.
  • Included environments: 1 production and 1 stage environment; B91079.
Enterprise finance and project organizations that need the full current B91079 ERP service, including Financials, revenue, collections, grants, project financials, project management, joint ventures, lease accounting, and transactional BI.
Oracle Fusion Enterprise Resource Planning for Self Service Cloud ServiceOracle Fusion Enterprise Resource Planning for Self Service Cloud Service – Hosted Named User (B91080)Supporting pricing evidence
  • $20.0 USD · per Hosted Named User · per month · ERP Self Service Hosted Named User · minimum 100 Hosted Named User · Oracle Fusion Enterprise Resource Planning for Self Service Cloud Service – Hosted Named User (B91080)
  • Published standard subscription term length: 3 years; Oracle Cloud Service subscription services.
  • Self-service ERP access: Reporting, approvals, expenses, bill management, project time, task management and resource management; B91080.
Large populations of self-service users who need ERP reporting, approvals, expenses, bill-management access, project time entry, task management, and resource-management access without the broader B91079 full-user module set.

Plan upgrade triggers

Verified plan boundaries that can change the required edition.

Oracle Fusion Enterprise Resource Planning for Self Service Cloud Service Oracle Fusion Enterprise Resource Planning Cloud Service

Need the broader finance, revenue, grants, project financials, project billing, joint venture, lease accounting, or full project-management module set rather than the restricted self-service scope.

Supporting pricing evidence
License calculator

License cost scenarios

Adjust the license quantity to compare public recurring rates across the available plans.

PlanPriceMonthly equivalent12-month license-rate estimate
Oracle Fusion Enterprise Resource Planning Cloud ServiceCore ERP Hosted Named User$625.00 USD / Hosted Named User / month$62,500.00 USD$750,000.00 USD

License-rate calculation only. It excludes implementation, migration, training, support, taxes, add-ons, usage charges, and negotiated discounts unless they are explicitly included in the displayed public rate.

What is included, connected, or sold separately

Product scope

What is included, connected, or sold separately

Material capabilities are separated by their verified relationship to the target product.

Document Recognition requirement for automated invoice processingAdd-on

The B91079 service description states that automated invoice processing requires the separately licensed Document Recognition Cloud Service.

Oracle Fusion Document Recognition Cloud Service
Oracle Fusion Cloud Procurement source-to-pay and purchasing suiteAdd-on

Oracle lists Procurement in the ERP application family but prices and describes Oracle Fusion Procurement Cloud Service separately from core B91079.

Oracle Fusion Cloud Procurement
Oracle Fusion Risk Management and Compliance controls, SoD and SOX-oriented assuranceAdd-on

Risk Management is a separately priced ERP-pillar service and is not in the B91079 inclusion list.

Oracle Fusion Cloud Risk Management and Compliance
Core B91079 finance and project-management module setIncluded capability

The current service description directly enumerates the included B91079 modules.

Restricted ERP Self Service reporting, approvals and selected transactionsIncluded capability

B91080 is an exact-target self-service service with a narrower authorized-use scope.

Manufacturing, inventory, S&OP, warehouse and logistics capabilities in the separate Oracle Fusion Cloud SCM suiteSeparate product

Oracle separates these operational capabilities from the exact ERP core service.

Oracle Fusion Cloud Supply Chain and Manufacturing
How the score is calculated

Scoring method

How the score is calculated

The score uses the category-specific buying dimensions below and their displayed weights.

This page is based on public product information, official sources, structured feature data, and AI assessment. It is not a hands-on lab test unless explicitly stated. Confidence percentages describe our research indicators, not the probability that a claim is true or a measured accuracy rate.

Evidence confidence
85%
AI claim confidence
100%
Required-field evidence status
100%
Evidence freshness
100%
Field traceability
100%
Model agreement
78%
Why this confidence level
  • Evidence confidence uses source level and claim-to-source support; AI claim confidence is shown separately.
  • Required-field evidence status measures whether weighted required claims have evidence links; it does not mean every product behavior was independently verified.
  • 8 of 8 weighted claims have evidence links.
  • 2 A1 documentary official sources and 7 A2 official product sources are linked.
  • 9 independent review sources are retained, including 0 professional sources with an explicit hands-on method.
  • No weighted claim is past the review window.
  • No blocking evidence conflict was identified.
Core process coverage22%
79

B91079 covers financial and project workflows including collections, revenue, grants, lease accounting, and project management, while Procurement is separately priced and inventory, manufacturing, and warehousing sit in the separate SCM suite; match the service set to the operating backbone required.

Cross-module workflow continuity16%
72

Financials, project management, revenue, billing, and transactional BI are within B91079, while Procurement and Risk Management are separate services; map required handoffs across the selected services and test reconciliation with representative transactions.

Financial and operational control16%
72

The B91079 financial and project services provide the core operating scope, while Oracle's Risk Management and Financial Reporting Compliance controls are separate commercial services; confirm whether the required control workflows fit the core service or need separately scoped products.

Business data model configurability14%
68

The supplied facts establish a broad finance and project module set but do not describe how entities, dimensions, subsidiaries, or custom fields can be configured; validate those structures and their maintenance process against the organization's model before committing.

Operational and financial visibility12%
84

B91079 includes financial reports and transactional BI, and Oracle provides a separate Self Service service for reporting and approvals; confirm which roles need the full named-user service and which fit the narrower self-service scope.

ERP ecosystem continuity10%
68

The supplied facts describe Oracle Fusion modules and separate ERP-family services but do not establish exchange reliability with external commerce, payroll, warehouse, tax, or banking systems; validate the required interfaces and reconciliation behavior before relying on them.

Implementation and administration manageability10%
75

Fusion ERP is delivered as SaaS with quarterly updates and includes production and stage environments, but the supplied facts do not describe migration, testing, or administration effort and additional environments may cost extra; confirm release governance and environment needs in the order scope.

Public review signals

Ratings and themes reported by public review sites

Capterra: 4.3/5 (73 reviews); GetApp: 4.3/5 (73 reviews); GoodFirms: 4.3/5 (7 reviews); OMR Reviews: 4.6/5 (10 reviews); PeerSpot: 4.1/5 (45 reviews); Software Advice: 4.3/5 (73 reviews); SoftwareReviews: 8.2/10 (91 reviews); SourceForge: 4/5 (1 reviews and ratings); TrustRadius: 7.4/10 (820 reviews and ratings)

Public review signals updated: Oct 6, 2026

Capterra4.3/5
Review count
73 reviews
Source context
Public ratingExact product

History baseline established · Oct 6, 2026
A trend will appear after the next verified snapshot.

View sourceHistory baseline established: Oct 6, 2026
GetApp4.3/5
Review count
73 reviews
Source context
Public ratingExact product

History baseline established · Oct 6, 2026
A trend will appear after the next verified snapshot.

View sourceHistory baseline established: Oct 6, 2026
OMR Reviews4.6/5
Review count
10 reviews
Source context
Public ratingExact product

History baseline established · Oct 6, 2026
A trend will appear after the next verified snapshot.

View sourceHistory baseline established: Oct 6, 2026
PeerSpot4.1/5
Review count
45 reviews
Source context
Public ratingExact product

History baseline established · Oct 6, 2026
A trend will appear after the next verified snapshot.

View sourceHistory baseline established: Oct 6, 2026
Software Advice4.3/5
Review count
73 reviews
Source context
Public ratingExact product

History baseline established · Oct 6, 2026
A trend will appear after the next verified snapshot.

View sourceHistory baseline established: Oct 6, 2026
SoftwareReviews8.2/10
Review count
91 reviews
Source context
Public ratingExact product

History baseline established · Oct 6, 2026
A trend will appear after the next verified snapshot.

View sourceHistory baseline established: Oct 6, 2026
TrustRadius7.4/10
Reviews and ratings
820 reviews and ratings
Source context
Public ratingExact product

History baseline established · Oct 6, 2026
A trend will appear after the next verified snapshot.

View sourceHistory baseline established: Oct 6, 2026

Limited review signals

These ratings are retained for transparency but are not presented as representative buyer sentiment.

GoodFirms4.3/5

Insufficient sample · 7 reviews

Review count
7 reviews
Source context
Public ratingExact product

History baseline established · Oct 6, 2026
A trend will appear after the next verified snapshot.

View sourceHistory baseline established: Oct 6, 2026
SourceForge4/5

Insufficient sample · 1 review or rating

Reviews and ratings
1 review or rating
Source context
Public ratingExact product

History baseline established · Oct 6, 2026
A trend will appear after the next verified snapshot.

View sourceHistory baseline established: Oct 6, 2026

Marketplace app signals

Marketplace app signals

These source-reported ratings describe a specific marketplace listing, integration, mobile app, or add-on. They do not automatically represent the complete software product.

Apple App Store1.7/5
Rating count
116 ratings
Evaluated scope
Mobile app
Storefront
United States
Google Play1.7/5
Review count
286 reviews
Evaluated scope
Mobile app
Storefront
United States
Score74
Pricing modelOracle publishes United States dollar monthly subscription list prices for current Fusion Cloud ERP services. The core ERP service and the narrower ERP Self Service service are priced per Hosted Named User with explicit minimum quantities. The same global price list states a standard subscription-services term length of three years. Procurement, Risk Management, Financial Reporting Compliance, analytics, document recognition, and other ERP-pillar capabilities have separate commercial line items.
Use caseProcure-to-pay automation, Purchase order management
Company sizeEnterprise
Structured tags

Oracle Fusion Cloud ERP tag profile

Company size
  • Enterprise
Business function
  • Procurement and spend teams
Use case
  • Procure-to-pay automation
  • Purchase order management
Compliance requirement
  • SOX controls
Key features

Oracle Fusion Cloud ERP core capabilities

  • Financials, reporting, collections, revenue management, grants, project billing and project financial management.
  • Project planning, project management, contracts, billing, revenue and resource-related workflows.
  • Transactional business intelligence, conversational interfaces and built-in AI across current Fusion ERP workflows.
  • Large-population Self Service ERP access for reporting, approvals, expenses, bill management, project time and task/resource workflows.
  • Oracle Fusion Cloud Procurement for sourcing, contracts, purchasing, supplier management and procure-to-pay automation as a separately priced ERP-family service.
  • Oracle Fusion Risk Management and Compliance for SoD, ICFR, audit testing, continuous controls and SOX-oriented compliance as a separately priced ERP-family service.
Detailed strengths and purchase cautions
Pros

Why it is worth considering

  • B91079 combines Financials, collections, revenue, grants, project billing and management, joint ventures, lease accounting, and transactional BI in one named service, with production and stage environments included.
  • The narrower B91080 option provides reporting, approvals, expenses, bill management, project time, and task and resource management for self-service users, allowing buyers to scope a different access profile where its minimum quantity fits.
  • Oracle positions Fusion ERP as SaaS with quarterly updates and includes conversational interfaces and built-in AI across current ERP workflows, so buyers can evaluate these functions within the Oracle-managed service model.
Cons

What to confirm before buying

  • The published B91079 price is USD 625 per Hosted Named User per month with a minimum of 10 users
  • the standard subscription term is three years, but the supplied evidence does not establish that this is a minimum commitment or state the invoice schedule.
  • Procurement and Risk Management are separate commercial line items, and the core B91079 inclusion list does not include manufacturing, inventory, warehousing, or logistics
  • confirm the additional service scope needed for those processes.
AI buying perspectives

AI assessment

AI buying perspectives

The assessments below use the same buying criteria. Review their scores, confidence, fit, cautions, and conclusions alongside the sources.

AI assessment updated: Oct 31, 2026

Score comparisonGPTRange
Core process coverage790
Cross-module workflow continuity720
Financial and operational control720
Business data model configurability680
Operational and financial visibility840
ERP ecosystem continuity680
Implementation and administration manageability750
GPTAI-assisted buyer perspective74

Oracle Fusion Cloud ERP fits large finance and project organizations seeking SaaS financial and project workflows with transactional BI. Confirm whether the B91079 core service covers the needed processes: Procurement and Risk Management are separately priced, while inventory, manufacturing, warehouse, and logistics capabilities belong to the separate SCM suite. Validate user minimums, the standard term language, and the quote's exact scope before purchase.

Review confidence
78/100
Model details
Strengths
  • B91079 combines Financials, collections, revenue, grants, project billing and management, joint ventures, lease accounting, and transactional BI in one named service, with production and stage environments included.
  • The narrower B91080 option provides reporting, approvals, expenses, bill management, project time, and task and resource management for self-service users, allowing buyers to scope a different access profile where its minimum quantity fits.
  • Oracle positions Fusion ERP as SaaS with quarterly updates and includes conversational interfaces and built-in AI across current ERP workflows, so buyers can evaluate these functions within the Oracle-managed service model.
Cautions
  • The published B91079 price is USD 625 per Hosted Named User per month with a minimum of 10 users
  • the standard subscription term is three years, but the supplied evidence does not establish that this is a minimum commitment or state the invoice schedule.
  • Procurement and Risk Management are separate commercial line items, and the core B91079 inclusion list does not include manufacturing, inventory, warehousing, or logistics
  • confirm the additional service scope needed for those processes.

Research transparency

How this page was researched

A compact record of the evidence used, what was not tested, and which conclusions still need verification.

Official sources
9
Broad product review sources
9
Marketplace and app-store sources
2
Editorial sources
0
Latest evidence check
Oct 6, 2026
Research basis

Global Tool Radar generated this assessment from structured facts linked to public sources. No Global Tool Radar hands-on test is recorded in this page's research data. Any external hands-on assessment is identified separately and does not affect the Global Tool Radar score.

Conflict handling

Unresolved evidence is disclosed on the page; affected deterministic calculations and price schema are withheld when the conflict is blocking.

View research methodology
Verified findingsThe reviewed current Oracle Fusion Cloud ERP pages provide request-a-demo and product-tour routes. They do not state a time-limited free trial for the exact ERP product.
  • Oracle publishes United States dollar monthly subscription list prices for current Fusion Cloud ERP services. The core ERP service and the narrower ERP Self Service service are priced per Hosted Named User with explicit minimum quantities. The same global price list states a standard subscription-services term length of three years. Procurement, Risk Management, Financial Reporting Compliance, analytics, document recognition, and other ERP-pillar capabilities have separate commercial line items.
  • The current published US list price for the full Oracle Fusion Enterprise Resource Planning Cloud Service is USD 625 per Hosted Named User per month with a minimum of 10 users. A narrower Oracle Fusion ERP for Self Service Cloud Service is USD 20 per Hosted Named User per month with a minimum of 100 users.
  • Core ERP B91079 is USD 625 per Hosted Named User per month with a minimum of 10; ERP Self Service B91080 is USD 20 per Hosted Named User per month with a minimum of 100. Oracle's September 10, 2026 global price list also separately lists Risk Management at USD 180 per Hosted Named User per month with minimum 10, Financial Reporting Compliance at USD 175 with minimum 10, Procurement at USD 625 with minimum 10, and Procurement Self Service at USD 8 with minimum 100. The price list states a standard Oracle Cloud Service subscription term length of three years. It does not, in the captured evidence, state the invoice schedule or explicitly call that standard term a minimum commitment.
  • Financials, reporting, collections, revenue management, grants, project billing and project financial management. Project planning, project management, contracts, billing, revenue and resource-related workflows. Transactional business intelligence, conversational interfaces and built-in AI across current Fusion ERP workflows. Large-population Self Service ERP access for reporting, approvals, expenses, bill management, project time and task/resource workflows. Oracle Fusion Cloud Procurement for sourcing, contracts, purchasing, supplier management and procure-to-pay automation as a separately priced ERP-family service. Oracle Fusion Risk Management and Compliance for SoD, ICFR, audit testing, continuous controls and SOX-oriented compliance as a separately priced ERP-family service. SaaS-native quarterly-update model rather than customer-managed ERP server deployment.
Verification notes and unresolved itemsThe supplied facts do not specify data-model customization, detailed external integration reliability, implementation effort, or the exact contractual commitment and invoicing terms. Procurement and Risk Management are separate services, and manufacturing, inventory, warehousing, and logistics are scoped to the separate SCM suite rather than the B91079 core service.
  • The exact target is Oracle Fusion Cloud ERP.
  • Current Oracle commercial evidence is unusually strong because the September 10, 2026 Oracle Fusion Cloud Service Global Price List publishes USD prices, metrics and minimum quantities for the ERP pillar.
  • The exact-target plan ladder returned here is limited to B91079 full ERP and B91080 ERP Self Service because these are the two current services whose names directly match the target product.
  • Separately priced Oracle Fusion Procurement, Risk Management and Financial Reporting Compliance services are treated as ERP-family capabilities/add-ons rather than additional pricing.plans editions.
Sources checked

Sources checked

Oracle Fusion Cloud ERP source links

FAQ

Oracle Fusion Cloud ERP FAQ

What is Oracle Fusion Cloud ERP?

It is Oracle's modern SaaS ERP suite for finance, project operations, procurement, risk/compliance and related enterprise processes.

What is the current US list price for the full Oracle Fusion ERP Cloud Service?

Oracle's September 10, 2026 global price list shows USD 625 per Hosted Named User per month for B91079 with a minimum of 10 users.

Is there a lower-cost self-service ERP user option?

Yes. B91080 is USD 20 per Hosted Named User per month with a minimum of 100 users and a narrower reporting, approval and self-service transaction scope.

What is the published Oracle Cloud subscription term?

The current global price list states a standard term length of three years for Oracle Cloud Service subscription services. The reviewed evidence does not explicitly call that a minimum commitment.

Is Oracle Fusion Cloud Procurement included in the B91079 core ERP service?

The B91079 service description does not list Procurement in its included modules. Oracle lists Procurement in the ERP application family and prices Oracle Fusion Procurement Cloud Service separately.

Does Oracle Fusion Cloud ERP support SOX controls?

Oracle Fusion Risk Management and Compliance provides ICFR, separation-of-duties monitoring, compliance testing and controls intended to help meet SOX needs; it is separately priced in the ERP pillar.

Can Oracle Fusion Cloud ERP be self-hosted?

Oracle positions Fusion Cloud ERP as SaaS. The reviewed current product and migration pages do not present the exact Fusion Cloud ERP product as a customer-hosted on-premises server.

Is there a free Oracle Fusion Cloud ERP trial?

The reviewed current exact-product pages provide demos and product tours but do not state a time-limited free trial.

Popular comparisons

Common Oracle Fusion Cloud ERP comparisons

Only high-scoring and nearby tools from the same subcategory are shown, avoiding comparisons between unrelated use cases.